Water-risk intelligence · Hellenic Republic

We've assessed 76,222 water-permit decisions across all 13 Hellenic Water Directorates — so you don't have to.

The water and sewer is there.
But is there enough for what you build?

Greek utilities can refuse new connections and the Water Directorate denies new wells — not because the water isn't there, but because the aquifer is over-drawn and the network is at capacity. A refusal doesn't refund your developer costs, your EIS study, or legal fees. Before you invest, check whether there's enough for your project — on the public record — before you commit.

waterintel.eu/dashboard
4,311
Water acts
84/588
Aquifers over-drawn
35
Plants non-compliant
1191
Refusals on record

Aquifer over-abstraction by district · WFD

Thessaly29%
Attica25%
Western Macedonia21%
Aegean Islands20%
Analysis

Who gets a water permit in Greece — and who doesn’t.

Before you can sink a borehole or a well, a regional Water Directorate has to say yes. We pulled every one of those decisions from the public record — 76,222 since 2016 — and mapped what they show.

Scroll to begin
Chapter One — The demand

Greece has no water to spare.

And the shortage bites hardest exactly where people most want to build — Attica, the islands, the Thessalian plain.

74%

of the water Greece consumes goes to agriculture.Kourgialas 2021, Sci. Total Environ.

70%

the water-exploitation index in Thessaly — among Europe’s most over-drawn basins — while the national figure reads a calm 13.8%.European Environment Agency · WEI+

×4

cotton uses four times the water of maize, and it’s Thessaly’s thirstiest crop — grown largely for export.Gkatsikos & Mattas 2021, Sustainability

In a country this short of water, how freely does it license new pumping?

76,222
permit decisions, 2016–2026
The record 01 / 05

76,222 decisions

Across all 13 regional Water Directorates, 2016–2026. Each dot is a directorate, sized by how many borehole & well permits it ruled on.

The outcome 02 / 05

Almost none were refused

Against that scarcity, just 1,191 of 76,222 were refused — about 1 in 64. Size the dots to refusals alone and most of Greece disappears.

The concentration 03 / 05

Two directorates. 80%.

Attica and Crete issue roughly 80% of every refusal in the country. Everywhere else barely registers.

The mismatch 04 / 05

Refusals don’t follow the water

Colour the dots by water stress: Thessaly is the most over-drawn basin in the country — and refuses 6 of 3,958. The two that refuse most sit at opposite ends of the stress scale. Statistically, no correlation.

Why it took a tool 05 / 05

Public, but not usable

The permit record, the refusals and the stress data live in separate government systems that were never built to connect. We reconciled them into one exact, queryable dataset.

Ask the record

So — is there enough water for what you build?

Check any municipality against the exact record — refusals, drought stress and network capacity — before you commit a euro.

Check your municipality →
Source & method. Permit & refusal counts: Diavgeia (diavgeia.gov.gr), Hellenic Water Directorates, decision type 2.4.7.1, 2016-07–2026-07 — exact, ADA-verified (76,222 decisions; 1,191 refusals/revocations). Water stress: EEA Water Exploitation Index plus (WEI+) by river-basin district. Refusal counts are a documentation floor; no causal inference — the acts state who, what and where, not why.
Built on the public recordDiavgeia · ΑΔΑWFD RBMP · 2025ΥΠΕΝ WWTP · 2025Civil-protectionEEA / ΥΠΕΝ
Why this exists · the method

All you want is complete water data. The Hellenic record is split across five separate databases — so we aggregated it for you.

Every water decision in Greece is public — the record is genuinely open. But the five systems that hold it were never built to talk to each other: no shared key links a permit to its aquifer, its treatment plant, or an emergency declaration, and each sits in its own database and format. We pulled all five and reconciled them into one queryable record.

76,222

permit records — opened and read one at a time, then cross-referenced into the figures on this site. What it took to connect the dots:

5
separate government systems
Diavgeia · WFD RBMP · ΥΠΕΝ WWTP · civil-protection · EEA
PDF
every decision is its own document
the API lists acts; the permit fields sit in the PDF text
76,222
permit decisions, pulled row-by-row
exact, ΑΔΑ-verified — not an estimate
200 / 180d
records returned per query window
paginated, per directorate
1,191
refused or revoked on record
~80% in just Attica + Crete
251
acts published with no machine-readable date
of 4,311 classified
67
coordinates written inside the decision text, not as fields
ΕΓΣΑ87, mid-sentence
1 in 5
published utility acts is an actual decision
856 of 4,311

Every figure on this site resolves to a stamped act on diavgeia.gov.gr — verifiable at source.

Why refusals happen

Two ways a project gets refused

Not because the water isn't on the map — because one of two systems is at its limit. A feasibility report checks both, on the public record.

The resource

Is the water even there?

The Water Directorate refuses new wells where the aquifer is over-drawn — recharged slower than it’s pumped.

84of 588 groundwater bodies over-abstracted · WFD

The network

Can the utility take it?

The utility refuses connections where the sewerage plant is full or failing — even if the aquifer is fine.

35plants non-compliant, 31 at capacity · ΥΠΕΝ 2025

A green aquifer is not a green light. The Plaka 5★ had good water — but the plant serving it was near capacity, and the connection was refused. Most checks miss this. Ours doesn't.

If you're refused

You've already spent it.

  • Developer & site costs — spent
  • Environmental Impact Study — commissioned
  • Legal & consultant fees — paid
  • A season, or a year, of time — lost

None of it is refunded when the answer is no.

vs
Before you commit
€149· one report
  • Your project's water & wastewater demand, modelled
  • Checked against documented capacity & refusals
  • A GREEN / YELLOW / RED verdict — every figure cited
  • In about a minute, not a quarter

Know the answer while it's still cheap to hear it.

How the check works

YOUR PROJECT

Describe the build

Municipality, type, size — a hotel, a farm parcel, a data-center load.

THE PUBLIC RECORD

Matched to the data

Diavgeia decisions (each with an ΑΔΑ), refusals, drought and aquifer status.

THE ANSWER

A cited verdict

Where you stand on capacity, and why — before an EIS is filed.

ClearConstrainedRefusal risk

What a report answers

Is the aquifer over-drawn?Does the sewerage have headroom?Any documented refusals here?Your peak-day water & wastewaterA two-axis capacity verdictDrought / emergency statusWhich ΑΔΑ back it
See a real one

What a report delivers

Open the full sample →

Sample · 5★ hotel + pool

Agios Nikolaos (Plaka), Crete

Capacity risk

Documented refusal on record

236.26 m³/day

DEYA Ag. Nikolaos · 5★ at Plaka · public record

Your projected peak demand

Modelled for your exact build — unlock to see it

Sewerage connection

Impossible

Stated by the utility · public record

Every figure cited

ΑΔΑ + press

Diavgeia & confirmed reporting

A near-identical build on this site was refused for capacity— the utility said it couldn't guarantee supply.

View →

Inside every report

  • A GREEN / YELLOW / RED verdictWhere you stand on capacity, and why.
  • Your projected water & wastewater demandA peak-day model for your exact build.
  • The capacity cross-referenceDocumented refusals, drought and reservoir status for that municipality.
  • Every figure citedDiavgeia ΑΔΑ and official statistics — gated seed → verified.
  • Plain-language guidanceWhat it means, and what to check next.
Open the sample report →

It's already happening — in public

These weren't refused for lack of water — they were refused for lack of capacity. The aquifer is over-drawn and the network is at its limit. Every refusal is on the public record, with an ΑΔΑ — and on the hottest islands, they skew corporate.

Built on the public record

The moat isn't the calculator — it's the data. Every figure is cited and gated from seed to verified before it backs a paid report.

Verified over seed

17 / 20

Only human-checked figures back a paid report.

Official registries

Diavgeia + ΥΠΕΝ

DEYA decisions (with an ΑΔΑ) and Water-Framework-Directive aquifer status from open-data portals.

Open dataset

greekwaterdata

The whole dataset is a standalone public repo the app consumes.

The EU precedent

Spain already gates this by law

Article 25.4, Spanish Water Law (RDL 1/2001) — mandatory pre-permit water-availability report

  • When a plan implies new water demand, the river-basin authority must state whether sufficient resources exist — before approval.
  • Effectively binding: a negative report renders the development materially unviable.
  • Default-to-negative: if the authority does not respond in time, the report is deemed unfavorable.
  • Enforced: >90 Spanish urban plans have been annulled by courts for failing to justify water availability.

A report costs less than a wasted permit.

Screen your project against the water record before you spend on engineering, an EIS, or capital.

Based on publicly available secondary reporting and modelled coefficients, not official utility data feeds. A screening aid and guidance tool — not a guarantee of permit approval or water availability, and not a substitute for professional engineering, agronomy, or EIS review.